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Such calculations had already been done using gases. But Einstein was the first to successfully solve the problem using liquids. Einstein obtained a respectable estimate for the Avogadro constant, after incorporating better experimental data. [8]: 101–103 Einstein received his doctorate in January 1906 from the University of Zurich. [6]
[3] [4] Einstein is best known by the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc 2 (which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation"). [5] He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect ", a pivotal step in ...
Einstein returned to the problem of thermodynamic fluctuations, giving a treatment of the density variations in a fluid at its critical point. Ordinarily the density fluctuations are controlled by the second derivative of the free energy with respect to the density. At the critical point, this derivative is zero, leading to large fluctuations.
The essay concludes with Einstein's analysis on how to solve these problems through a planned economy: I am convinced there is only one way to eliminate these grave evils, namely through the establishment of a socialist economy, accompanied by an educational system which would be oriented toward social goals. [2]
The Einsteinhaus on the Kramgasse in Bern, Einstein's residence at the time. Most of the papers were written in his apartment on the first floor above the street level. At the time the papers were written, Einstein did not have easy access to a complete set of scientific reference materials, although he did regularly read and contribute reviews to Annalen der Physik.
A letter written by Albert Einstein in which he writes out his famous E = mc2 equation has sold at auction for more than $1.2 million, about three times more than it was expected to get, Boston ...
This approach can be seen as one of the two basic approaches to problem-solving, contrasted with an approach using insight and theory. However, there are intermediate methods that, for example, use theory to guide the method, an approach known as guided empiricism. [citation needed]
Einstein's thought experiment as a 16-year-old student. Einstein's recollections of his youthful musings are widely cited because of the hints they provide of his later great discovery. However, Norton has noted that Einstein's reminiscences were probably colored by a half-century of hindsight.