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Phthorimaea operculella, also known as the potato tuber moth or tobacco splitworm, is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is an oligophagous insect that feeds on the plant family Solanaceae and is especially known for being a major pest of potato crops. [ 1 ]
The South American potato tuber moth, Andean potato tuber moth or tomato stemborer (Symmetrischema tangolias) is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is native to South America, but has become a pest worldwide. Records include North America, Australia and New Zealand. [1]
Phthorimaea euchthonia Meyrick, 1939; Phthorimaea exacta Meyrick, 1917; Phthorimaea ferella (Berg, 1875); Phthorimaea impudica Walsingham, 1911; Phthorimaea ...
The Guatemalan tuber moth, in sufficiently large infestations, can lead to a complete yield loss. Although there is natural variation in the tolerance of potato varieties to feeding by Guatemalan tuber moths, higher tolerance is associated with decreased yield in the absence of infestation. [ 3 ]
Copidosoma koehleri belongs to the family Encyrtidae and genus Copidosoma within the order Hymenoptera. [1] It is a parasitoid and its hosts are mainly potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) but it also infest Andean potato tuber moth (Symmetrischema tangolias), Guatemalan potato tuber moth (Tecia solanivora) and Tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta). [2]
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Its life-cycle comprises four development stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult; combined, 26–75 days. [2]: 241 Adults usually lay yellow [2]: 241 eggs on the underside of leaves or stems, and to a lesser extent on fruits. After hatching, young larvae penetrate leaves, aerial fruits (like tomato) or stems, on which they feed and develop.
As for tuber blight, the white mycelium often shows on the tubers' surface. [10] Under ideal conditions, P. infestans completes its life cycle on potato or tomato foliage in about five days. [7] Sporangia develop on the leaves, spreading through the crop when temperatures are above 10 °C (50 °F) and humidity is over 75–80% for 2 days or more.