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The modern oboe has two octave keys, sometimes three, often interconnected, the one for E5 to G#5 near the left thumb, and the one for A5 to C6 to the right of and above the front keys, depressed by the edge of the left index finger. Oboes are now available with automatic octaves.
A modern oboe with the "full conservatoire" ("conservatory" in the US) or Gillet key system has 45 pieces of keywork, with the possible additions of a third-octave key and alternate (left little finger) F- or C-key. The keys are usually made of nickel silver, and are silver- or occasionally gold-plated. Besides the full conservatoire system ...
Similarly, in the third octave, the E is a combination of E and A fingerings, the F is a combination of F and B ♭, et cetera. On the oboe, third harmonics are mainly used. On clarinets, fifth harmonics are used for the first half dozen notes above (written) C 6; seventh and ninth harmonics are used beyond that.
C 1: Hyperbass flute C 0: Glockenspiel: C 6: Guitar Guitar: C 3: Handbells: C 5: Hardanger Fiddle: D 4: Horn Marching horn: B ♭ 3: Horn: F 3: Mellophone: Mellophone: F 3: Oboe: F piccolo oboe: F 4: E ♭ piccolo oboe E ♭ 4: Oboe d'amore: A 3: Cor anglais F 3: Heckelphone and Bass oboe C 3: Oud: G 2: Bolahenk tuning Recorder Garklein ...
The C-clef is mostly encountered as alto clef (placing middle C on the third line) or tenor clef (middle C on the fourth line). A clef may be placed on a space instead of a line, but this is rare. The use of different clefs makes it possible to write music for all instruments and voices, regardless of differences in range. Using different clefs ...
The bass oboe is notated in the treble clef, sounding one octave lower than written. Its lowest sounding note is B 2 (in scientific pitch notation), one octave and a semitone below middle C, although an extension with an additional key may be inserted between the lower joint and bell of the instrument in order to produce a low B ♭ 2.
The contrabass oboe is a double reed woodwind instrument in the key of C or F, sounding two octaves or an octave and a fifth (respectively) lower than the standard oboe.
Historical and simpler instruments are diatonically based, with a typical range of about an octave and a half. Bombards range from large bass models approaching an english horn to tiny instruments playing a high C diatonic scale. Typically the smaller the instrument, the more penetrating the tone. The most common keys are intermediate in size.