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Agusan Marsh is one of the most ecologically significant wetlands in the Philippines. Found in the heart of Mindanao's Agusan Basin, this vast expanse of marsh covers an area roughly the size of Metro Manila. It contains nearly 15% of the nation's fresh water resources in the form of swamp forests.
Peat swamp forests are typically surrounded by lowland rain forests on better-drained soils, and by brackish or salt-water mangrove forests near the coast. They are a kind of peatland , which store and accumulate vast amounts of carbon as soil organic matter —much more than forests on mineral soil (i.e. non-peatland) contain.
Tropical peat is a type of histosol that is found in tropical latitudes, including South East Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. [2] Tropical peat mostly consists of dead organic matter from trees instead of spaghnum which are commonly found in temperate peat. [ 3 ]
Peat forms under waterlogged conditions in peat swamp forests such as this one in Raja Musa Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia. A peatland is an area where organic material such as leaves and twigs had accumulated naturally under waterlogged conditions in the last 10,000 years. This layer of organic material, known as peat, can
Sumatran peat swamp forests: Indonesia: Sundaland heath forests: Indonesia: Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests: Bangladesh, India: Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests: Taiwan: Tenasserim–South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests: Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand: Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests: Cambodia, Vietnam: Tonle Sap–Mekong peat ...
Rain, rivers, and groundwater are all sources of water for freshwater swamp forests, whereas rain is the only source of water for peat swamp forests. [6] The hue of the water in the freshwater swamp forest is typically an indication of the quantities of plant materials present in the water and soil. [7]
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The peat swamp forests of Kalimantan were being slowly cleared for small scale farming and plantations before 1997, but most of the original cover remained. In 1996 the Indonesian government initiated the Mega Rice Project (MRP), which aimed to convert one million hectares of peat swamp forest to rice paddies. Between 1996 and 1998, more than ...