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The IRD institute has three main missions: research on developing countries and French overseas territories development, overseas consultancy and training. It conducts scientific programs contributing to the sustainable development of the countries of the South , with an emphasis on the relationship between man and the environment.
The Information Research Department (IRD) was a secret Cold War propaganda department of the British Foreign Office, created to publish anti-communist propaganda, including black propaganda, [2] provide support and information to anti-communist politicians, academics, and writers, and to use weaponised information, but also disinformation and "fake news", to attack not only its original ...
The Information Research Department (IRD) was a secret propaganda wing of the UK Foreign Office, dedicated to disinformation warfare, anti-communism, and pro-colonial propaganda. The IRD was created in 1948 by Clement Attlee 's Labour government, and became both the largest wing of the Foreign Office and the longest running covert government ...
International Relief and Development, Inc. (IRD), renamed Blumont, is an organization that purports to provide relief, stabilization, and development programs worldwide. [4] In 2015, IRD was the subject of a Washington Post investigation that highlighted the organization's performance and management of taxpayer money. Among other irregularities ...
As an initialism, IRD may refer to: Illinois Refining Division, a division of Marathon Petroleum located in Robinson, Illinois. Influenza Research Database, a publicly available database and analysis resource for influenza virus research; Inland Revenue Department (disambiguation), in some countries; Integrated receiver/decoder
The final report was submitted by Norman Dodd, and because of its provocative nature, the committee became subject to attack. In the Dodd report to the Reece Committee on Foundations, he gave a definition of the word "subversive", saying that the term referred to "Any action having as its purpose the alteration of either the principle or the form of the United States Government by other than ...
Ricu was created in 2007 by Charles Farr.Farr, a former MI6 officer and head of the OSCT. Ricu was modelled on the Information Research Department (IRD), a clandestine Cold War propaganda programme run by the Home Office from 1948 until it was shut down in 1977. [2]
A substitute check (also called an Image Replacement Document or IRD) [1] is a negotiable instrument that is a digital reproduction of an original paper check.As a negotiable payment instrument in the United States, a substitute check maintains the status of a "legal check" in lieu of the original paper check, as authorized by the Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (the Check 21 Act).