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The short vowels [i, ɪ, e, e̞, ɛ] are all possible allophones of /i/ across different dialects; e.g., مِن /ˈmin/ ('from') is pronounced [ˈmɪn] or [ˈmen] or [ˈmɛn] since the difference between the short mid vowels [e, e̞, ɛ] and [i, ɪ] is never phonemic, and they are mostly found in complementary distribution, except for a number ...
The Arabic script is a modified abjad, where all letters are consonants, leaving it up to the reader to fill in the vowel sounds. Short consonants and long vowels are represented by letters, but short vowels and consonant length are not generally indicated in writing. Tashkīl is optional to represent missing vowels and consonant length.
Users of Arabic usually write long vowels but omit short ones, so readers must utilize their knowledge of the language in order to supply the missing vowels. However, in the education system and particularly in classes on Arabic grammar these vowels are used since they are crucial to the grammar.
Short vowels are not usually represented in the written language, although they may be indicated with diacritics. Word stress varies from one Arabic dialect to another. A rough rule for word-stress in Classical Arabic is that it falls on the penultimate syllable of a word if that syllable is closed, and otherwise on the antepenultimate.
Romanization is often termed "transliteration", but this is not technically correct. [citation needed] Transliteration is the direct representation of foreign letters using Latin symbols, while most systems for romanizing Arabic are actually transcription systems, which represent the sound of the language, since short vowels and geminate consonants, for example, does not usually appear in ...
Hejazi also retains most of the long and short vowels of Classical Arabic with no vowel reduction, although in a few words /a/ and /aː/ are pronounced with an open back . The main phonological feature that differentiates urban Hejazi from the neighboring dialects of the Arabian peninsula and the Levant is the constant use of full vowels and ...
A = The letter is used for most languages and dialects with writing systems based on Arabic. MSA = Letters used in Modern Standard Arabic. CA = Letters used in Classical Arabic. AD = Letters used in some regional Arabic Dialects. "Arabic" = Letters used in Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, and most regional dialects.
Waw (wāw "hook") is the sixth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Arabic wāw و , Aramaic waw 𐡅, Hebrew vav ו , Phoenician wāw 𐤅, and Syriac waw ܘ.. It represents the consonant [] in classical Hebrew, and [] in modern Hebrew, as well as the vowels [] and [].
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