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Since the UART's communication protocol is simple, it can be emulated by bit banging GPIO pins in software on modern microcontrollers (e.g. Arduino [18] or Teensy [19]), or on programmable I/O state machines (e.g. Raspberry Pi Pico's PIO [20] [21] or NXP's FlexIO [22]).
IEEE-488.1 specified the physical and electrical bus, and IEEE-488.2 specified protocol and data format, but neither specified instrument commands. Different manufacturers, and even different models, of the same type of instrument would use different command sets. SCPI created a standard which could be common across all manufacturers and models.
An alternate formulation states that protocols are to communication what algorithms are to computation. [4] Multiple protocols often describe different aspects of a single communication. A group of protocols designed to work together is known as a protocol suite; when implemented in software they are a protocol stack.
SDI-12 (Serial Digital Interface at 1200 baud) is an asynchronous serial communications protocol for intelligent sensors that monitor environment data. These instruments are typically low-power (12 volts), are used at remote locations, and usually communicate with a data logger or other data acquisition device.
Thread is an IPv6-based, low-power mesh networking technology for Internet of things (IoT) products. [1] The Thread protocol specification is available at no cost; however, this requires agreement and continued adherence to an end-user license agreement (EULA), which states "Membership in Thread Group is necessary to implement, practice, and ship Thread technology and Thread Group specifications."
Full duplex communication in the default version of this protocol; Push-pull drivers (as opposed to open drain) provide relatively good signal integrity and high speed; Higher throughput than I²C or SMBus. SPI's protocol has no maximum clock speed, however: Individual devices specify acceptable clock frequencies; Wiring and electronics limit ...
KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid [1]) is a protocol for communicating with a serial terminal node controller (TNC) device used for amateur radio. This allows the TNC to combine more features into a single device and standardizes communications.
LIN (Local Interconnect Network) is a network protocol used for communication between components in modern vehicles. It is a low-cost single-wire serial protocol that supports communications up to 19.2 Kbit/s with a maximum bus length of 40 metres (131.2 ft).