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In physics, polaritons / p ə ˈ l ær ɪ t ɒ n z, p oʊ-/ [1] are bosonic quasiparticles resulting from strong coupling of electromagnetic waves (photon) with an electric or magnetic dipole-carrying excitation (state) of solid or liquid matter (such as a phonon, plasmon, or an exciton).
More precisely, the Primakoff effect is the conversion of axions into photons in the presence of very strong electromagnetic field. [ 3 ] The effect is predicted to lead to optical properties of the vacuum state in the presence of a strong magnetic field .
The coupling of the two oscillators, photons modes in the semiconductor optical microcavity and excitons of the quantum wells, results in the energy anticrossing of the bare oscillators, giving rise to the two new normal modes for the system, known as the upper and lower polariton resonances (or branches). The energy shift is proportional to ...
Fig 2: Measured photon structure function versus x for Q 2 = 4.3 GeV 2 (blue crosses) and 39.7 GeV 2 (black crosses) compared to the QCD prediction (red, green) explained in the text. The hadronic system produced in two-photon reactions has in general a rather high momentum along the beam direction resulting in small hadronic scattering angles.
The coupling of the phonon and the photon is the most promininent in the region where the original transverse disperion relations would have crossed. In the limit of large k , the solid lines of both branches approach the dotted lines, meaning, the coupling does not have a large impact on the behaviour of the vibrations.
The A field is the photon, which corresponds classically to the well-known electromagnetic four-potential – i.e. the electric and magnetic fields. The Z field actually contributes in every process the photon does, but due to its large mass, the contribution is usually negligible.
The probing photon couples to a constituent of this meson. Double resolved: Both target and probe photon have formed a vector meson. This results in an interaction between two hadrons. For the latter two cases, the scale of the interaction is such as the strong coupling constant is large.
In the circle, photon emission and absorption are shown. The Jaynes–Cummings–Hubbard (JCH) model is a many-body quantum system modeling the quantum phase transition of light . As the name suggests, the Jaynes–Cummings–Hubbard model is a variant on the Jaynes–Cummings model ; a one-dimensional JCH model consists of a chain of N coupled ...