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The poem is a product of the period of declining vitality of the runic script in Anglo-Saxon England after the Christianization of the 7th century. A large body of scholarship has been devoted to the poem, mostly dedicated to its importance for runology but to a lesser extent also to the cultural lore embodied in its stanzas.
Codex Sangallensis 878 — contains a presentation of Anglo-Saxon runes; Codex Vindobonensis 795 — contains a description of Anglo-Saxon runes; Cotton Domitian A.IX — lists runes with their names; Cotton Otho B.x.165 — contained the Old English rune poem before being destroyed in a fire; Cotton Vitellius A.XII — lists runes in ...
Rune poems are poems that list the letters of runic alphabets while providing an explanatory poetic stanza for each letter. Four different poems from before the mid-20th century have been preserved: the Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem , the Norwegian Rune Poem , the Icelandic Rune Poem and the Swedish Rune Poem .
The runes were first described around 1600, and Reginald Bainbrigg of Appleby recorded the inscription for the Britannia of William Camden. Around 1832, the runes were recognised as different from the Scandinavian futhark (categorized as Anglo-Saxon runes) by Thorleif Repp, by reference to the Exeter Book. His rendition referred to a place ...
The Anglo-Saxon rune poem has: ᛖ Eh bẏþ for eorlum æþelinga ƿẏn, hors hofum ƿlanc, ðær him hæleþ ẏmb[e] ƿelege on ƿicgum ƿrixlaþ spræce and biþ unstẏllum æfre frofur. "The horse is a joy to princes in the presence of warriors. A steed in the pride of its hoofs, when rich men on horseback bandy words about it;
Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem: [1] English Translation: ᚷ Gẏfu gumena bẏþ gleng and herenẏs, ƿraþu and ƿẏrþscẏpe and ƿræcna gehƿam ar and ætƿist, ðe bẏþ oþra leas. Generosity brings credit and honour, which support one's dignity; it furnishes help and subsistence to all broken men who are devoid of aught else.
It is transliterated as ea, and the Anglo-Saxon rune poem glosses it as . ᛠ [ear] bẏþ egle eorla gehƿẏlcun, / ðonn[e] fæstlice flæsc onginneþ, / hraƿ colian, hrusan ceosan / blac to gebeddan; bleda gedreosaþ, / ƿẏnna geƿitaþ, ƿera gesƿicaþ.
The evolution of the rune in the elder futhark during the centuries. The k-rune ᚲ (Younger Futhark ᚴ, Anglo-Saxon futhorc ᚳ) is called Kaun in both the Norwegian and Icelandic rune poems, meaning "ulcer". The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name is *Kauną. It is also known as Kenaz ("torch"), based on its Anglo-Saxon name.