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The poem is a product of the period of declining vitality of the runic script in Anglo-Saxon England after the Christianization of the 7th century. A large body of scholarship has been devoted to the poem, mostly dedicated to its importance for runology but to a lesser extent also to the cultural lore embodied in its stanzas.
Rune poems are poems that list the letters of runic alphabets while providing an explanatory poetic stanza for each letter. Four different poems from before the mid-20th century have been preserved: the Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem , the Norwegian Rune Poem , the Icelandic Rune Poem and the Swedish Rune Poem .
Codex Sangallensis 878 — contains a presentation of Anglo-Saxon runes; Codex Vindobonensis 795 — contains a description of Anglo-Saxon runes; Cotton Domitian A.IX — lists runes with their names; Cotton Otho B.x.165 — contained the Old English rune poem before being destroyed in a fire; Cotton Vitellius A.XII — lists runes in ...
Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem: [1] English Translation: ᚷ Gẏfu gumena bẏþ gleng and herenẏs, ƿraþu and ƿẏrþscẏpe and ƿræcna gehƿam ar and ætƿist, ðe bẏþ oþra leas. Generosity brings credit and honour, which support one's dignity; it furnishes help and subsistence to all broken men who are devoid of aught else.
It is transliterated as ea, and the Anglo-Saxon rune poem glosses it as . ᛠ [ear] bẏþ egle eorla gehƿẏlcun, / ðonn[e] fæstlice flæsc onginneþ, / hraƿ colian, hrusan ceosan / blac to gebeddan; bleda gedreosaþ, / ƿẏnna geƿitaþ, ƿera gesƿicaþ.
Laguz or *Laukaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the l-rune ᛚ, *laguz meaning "water" or "lake" and *laukaz meaning "leek". In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, it is called lagu "ocean". In the Younger Futhark, the rune is called lögr "waterfall" in Icelandic and logr "water" in Norse.
The Abecedarium Nordmannicum is a presentation of the 16 runes of the Younger Futhark as a short poem (sometimes counted as one of the "rune poems"), in the 9th-century Codex Sangallensis 878 (on page 321). The Younger Futhark are given after the Hebrew alphabet on the preceding page, and the Anglo-Saxon futhorc on the same page. The text of ...
The Anglo-Saxon rune poem has: ᛖ Eh bẏþ for eorlum æþelinga ƿẏn, hors hofum ƿlanc, ðær him hæleþ ẏmb[e] ƿelege on ƿicgum ƿrixlaþ spræce and biþ unstẏllum æfre frofur. "The horse is a joy to princes in the presence of warriors. A steed in the pride of its hoofs, when rich men on horseback bandy words about it;