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In a parliamentary republic, the head of government is selected or nominated by the legislature and is also accountable to it. The head of state is usually called a president and (in full parliamentary republics) is separate from the head of government, serving a largely apolitical, ceremonial role. In these systems, the head of government is ...
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (since 20 May 2002) Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (9 October 2004 – present), de jure government; Republic of Kosovo (since 17 February 2008; disputed) Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (since 28 May 2008) Plurinational State of Bolivia (since 7 February 2009) State of Libya (since 17 February 2011)
Some of the countries on this list were part of larger, now extinct, states (such as the Russian Empire or Yugoslavia) when the transition to a republic took place. Countries that have always had non-republican forms of government (such as absolute monarchy, theocracy, etc.) are not included in this list. Some were also independent states that ...
The Government of India (referred to as the Union Government) is the governing authority of a federal union of 28 states and 8 union territories. The government of India is based on a three tiered system, in which the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which
A semi-presidential republic is a government system with power divided between a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government, used in countries like France, Portugal, and Egypt. The president, elected by the people, symbolizes national unity and foreign policy while the prime minister is appointed by the president or ...
In some countries, like Bosnia and Herzegovina, San Marino, and Switzerland, the head of state is not a single person but a committee (council) of several persons holding that office. The Roman Republic had two consuls, elected for a one-year term by the comitia centuriata, consisting of all adult, freeborn males who could prove citizenship.
Republics have been permitted as members of the Commonwealth since the London Declaration made on 28 April 1949. Ten days before that declaration, the Republic of Ireland had been declared, ensuring most of Ireland's self-exclusion from the Commonwealth, as republics were not allowed in the Commonwealth at that time (Northern Ireland, as part of the United Kingdom, remained within the ...
This is a list of the offices of heads of state, heads of government, cabinet, and legislature, of sovereign states. Date of Origin refers to most recent fundamental change in form of government, for example independence, change from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, revolution, new constitution.