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If F is the only force acting on the system, the system is called a simple harmonic oscillator, and it undergoes simple harmonic motion: sinusoidal oscillations about the equilibrium point, with a constant amplitude and a constant frequency (which does not depend on the amplitude).
(Oscillatory) displacement amplitude: Any quantity symbol typically subscripted with 0, m or max, or the capitalized letter (if displacement was in lower case). Here for generality A 0 is used and can be replaced. m [L] (Oscillatory) velocity amplitude V, v 0, v m. Here v 0 is used. m s −1 [L][T] −1 (Oscillatory) acceleration amplitude A, a ...
Peak-to-peak amplitude (abbreviated p–p or PtP or PtoP) is the change between peak (highest amplitude value) and trough (lowest amplitude value, which can be negative). With appropriate circuitry, peak-to-peak amplitudes of electric oscillations can be measured by meters or by viewing the waveform on an oscilloscope .
The equation for describing the period: = shows the period of oscillation is independent of the amplitude, though in practice the amplitude should be small. The above equation is also valid in the case when an additional constant force is being applied on the mass, i.e. the additional constant force cannot change the period of oscillation.
In two or three spatial dimensions, the same equation describes a travelling plane wave if position and wavenumber are interpreted as vectors, and their product as a dot product. For more complex waves such as the height of a water wave in a pond after a stone has been dropped in, more complex equations are needed.
where the amplitude of the modulating sinusoid is represented in the peak deviation = (see frequency deviation). The harmonic distribution of a sine wave carrier modulated by such a sinusoidal signal can be represented with Bessel functions ; this provides the basis for a mathematical understanding of frequency modulation in the frequency domain.
It is defined as the peak energy stored in the circuit divided by the average energy dissipated in it per radian at resonance. Low-Q circuits are therefore damped and lossy and high-Q circuits are underdamped and prone to amplitude extremes if driven at the resonant frequency.
In practice, the position-space wave function is used much more often than the momentum-space wave function. The potential entering the relevant equation (Schrödinger, Dirac, etc.) determines in which basis the description is easiest. For the harmonic oscillator, x and p enter symmetrically, so there it does not matter which description one ...