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Most widespread instruments are using liquid metal ion sources (LMIS), especially gallium ion sources. Ion sources based on elemental gold and iridium are also available. In a gallium LMIS, gallium metal is placed in contact with a tungsten needle, and heated gallium wets the tungsten and flows to the tip of the needle, where the opposing forces of surface tension and electric field form the ...
The basic layout of an ion beam apparatus is an accelerator which produces an ion beam that is feed through an evacuated beam-transport tube to a beam handling device. This device isolates the ion species and charge of interest which then are transported through an evacuated beam-transport tube into the target chamber.
A small ion beam rocket being tested by NASA. An ion beam is a beam of ions, a type of charged particle beam. Ion beams have many uses in electronics manufacturing (principally ion implantation) and other industries. There are many ion beam sources, some derived from the mercury vapor thrusters developed by NASA in the 1960s. The most widely ...
Ion beam deposition (IBD) is a process of applying materials to a target through the application of an ion beam. [1] Ion beam deposition setup with mass separator. An ion beam deposition apparatus typically consists of an ion source, ion optics, and the deposition target. Optionally a mass analyzer can be incorporated. [2]
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A particle beam is a stream of charged or neutral particles.In particle accelerators, these particles can move with a velocity close to the speed of light.There is a difference between the creation and control of charged particle beams and neutral particle beams, as only the first type can be manipulated to a sufficient extent by devices based on electromagnetism.
Water tractor beam. A tractor beam is a device that can attract one object to another from a distance. [1] The concept originates in fiction: The term was coined by E. E. Smith (an update of his earlier "attractor beam") in his novel Spacehounds of IPC (1931).
A Focus World film; distribution only; produced by Blumhouse Productions: November 4, 2016: Loving: North American and select international distribution only; produced by Random Films, Big Beach, Augusta Films, Tri-State Pictures Nominated - Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Picture Nominated - Palme d'Or Nominated - Satellite Award for Best ...