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The Spartan army was the principle ground force of Sparta. It stood at the center of the ancient Greek city-state , consisting of citizens trained in the disciplines and honor of a warrior society . [ 1 ]
Iron technology was introduced to Kush by the Assyrians after their conquest of Egypt. This allowed the manufacture of iron weapons such as swords, spears and armor in Nubia. The role of the Cavalry was extensive during the Meroitic period due to innovation in chariotry, the use of war elephants and cavalry tactics. . Kush was succeeded by a ...
In 280 BC, a great army of Volcae comprising about 85,000 warriors [17] left Pannonia, split into three divisions, and marched south in a great expedition [18] [19] to Macedon and Central Greece. Under the leadership of Cerethrius , 20,000 men moved against the Thracians and Triballi .
Iron helmets constructed with multiple pieces of iron lamellae began to replace the one piece bronze helmets of old. One sample discovered in Yi county, Hebei Province, was composed of 89 lamellae. The average dimensions of the lamellae pieces were 5 cm x 4 cm. [51] In the 3rd century BC, both iron weapons and armour became more common.
Soldiers in ancient Mesopotamia militaries were well-trained and well-equipped. Archaeological studies show that the Sumerians used war-carts and iron or bronze weapons; [1] most soldiers used axes, daggers, and spears; units with spears would be organized into close-order formations. [2]
Archaeological finds, mostly in the form of grave goods, indicate that a sort of standardized Germanic warrior's kit had developed by the pre-Roman Iron Age, with warriors armed with spear, shield, and increasingly with swords. [30] Higher status individuals were often buried with spurs for riding. [31]
They usually rode without saddles but wore armour and iron helmets and wielded swords, skenes and long spears or lances. [6] A fully outfitted medieval Irish army would have included light infantry, heavy infantry and mixed cavalry. [7] Gaelic Warfare was anything but stagnant and was adaptive and ever changing.
These warriors were armed with a huge pike weapon called a sarissa as well as the army being equipped with slings, which used almond-shaped bronze bullets that were engraved with either Philip's name or that of one of his generals. For siege warfare, the Macedonians used an arrow-firing catapult. [16]