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Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) [a] was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.. Charles was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life.
Contemporary German print of the execution of Charles I outside the Banqueting House. Based on the earliest European depiction of the execution. [a] [1] Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland, was executed on Tuesday, 30 January 1649 [b] outside the Banqueting House on Whitehall, London.
Following the execution of Charles I, there was further large-scale fighting in Ireland, Scotland and England, known collectively as the Third English Civil War. A year and a half after the execution, Prince Charles was proclaimed King Charles II by the Scots and he led an invasion of England where he was defeated at the Battle of Worcester ...
King Charles the Martyr, or Charles, King and Martyr, is a title of Charles I, who was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1625 until his execution on 30 January 1649. The title is used by high church Anglicans who regard Charles's execution as a martyrdom .
The following day, 30 January, Charles I was beheaded outside the Banqueting House in Whitehall; [2] [4] Charles II went into exile. [2] The English monarchy was replaced with, at first, the Commonwealth of England (1649–1653) and then the Protectorate (1653–1659) under Cromwell's personal rule.
Charles I in Three Positions by Anthony van Dyck, 1635–36. At midnight on 27 April, Charles came with the Duke of Richmond to Ashburnham's apartment. Scissors were used to cut the King's tresses and lovelock, and the peak of his beard was clipped off, so that he no longer looked like the man familiar to any who have seen his portraits by Anthony van Dyck.
In 1625, shortly before the opening of the new parliament, Charles was married by proxy to Princess Henrietta Maria of France, the Catholic daughter of King Henri IV.In diplomatic terms this implied alliance with France in preparation for war against Spain, but Puritan MPs openly claimed that Charles was preparing to restrict the recusancy laws and even to grant Catholic Emancipation.
The 24-year-old Charles succeeded his father in March 1625. [6] Charles I dissolved parliament in 1629, and the statue was commissioned the following year in 1630. [2]The contract, in French with an English translation, is thought to have been drafted by the architect Balthazar Gerbier, who was then building Putney Park, Weston's country house in Roehampton.