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The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) is a United States federal agency based in Washington, D.C. that defines and manages a national coordinate system, providing the foundation for transportation and communication, mapping and charting, and a large number of science and engineering applications.
It superseded the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29), [2] previously known as the Sea Level Datum of 1929. NAVD 88, along with North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83), is set to be replaced in 2025 with a new geometric reference frame and geopotential datum, based on GPS and gravimetric geoid models.
The North American-Pacific Geopotential Datum of 2022 (NAPGD2022) is a new geodetic datum set to be produced by the U.S. National Geodetic Survey in 2025 or 2026 to improve the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS).
Grid-based transformations directly convert map coordinates from one (map-projection, geodetic datum) pair to map coordinates of another (map-projection, geodetic datum) pair. An example is the NADCON method for transforming from the North American Datum (NAD) 1927 to the NAD 1983 datum. [ 26 ]
In 1901 the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey adopted a national horizontal datum called the United States Standard Datum, based on the Clarke Ellipsoid of 1866. It was fitted to data previously collected for regional datums, which by that time had begun to overlap.
The program was created by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) in 1994 and is available as an online tool, [2] or PC executable package. [3] The package contains the Perl source code. The NGS is the government agency charged with responsibility for the National Spatial Reference System. [4]
The U.S. National Geodetic Survey's "State Plane Coordinate System of 1983" uses the Lambert conformal conic projection to define the grid-coordinate systems used in several states, primarily those that are elongated west to east such as Tennessee.
The National Geodetic Survey has announced a modernization of the National Spatial Reference System, and a replacement of the state plane coordinate system will be part of the modernization. The number of zones will be substantially higher than the 1983 system.