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The rifamycin group includes the classic rifamycin drugs as well as the rifamycin derivatives rifampicin (or rifampin), rifabutin, rifapentine, rifalazil and rifaximin. Rifamycin, sold under the trade name Aemcolo, is approved in the United States for treatment of travelers' diarrhea in some circumstances. [1] [2] [3]
Before treating a person for a long period of time, measurements of liver enzymes and blood counts are recommended. [3] Rifampicin may be given either by mouth or intravenously. [3] Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. [3] It often turns urine, sweat, and tears a red or orange color. [3]
It produces the rifamycin antibiotics (e.g., rifamycin SV), which are used to treat mycobacterial diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy. [2] The type strain of Amycolatopsis rifamycinica (DSM 46095) has been reclassified several times. When it was first isolated from a French soil sample in 1957, it was identified as Streptomyces ...
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Rifaximin is a semisynthetic broad spectrum antibacterial drug, derived through chemical modification of the natural antibiotic rifamycin. [29] It has very low bioavailability due to its poor absorption after oral administration.
In enzymology, a rifamycin-B oxidase (EC 1.10.3.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction rifamycin B + O 2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } rifamycin O + H 2 O 2 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are rifamycin B and O 2 , whereas its two products are rifamycin O and H 2 O 2 .
Serious side effects may include liver problems or Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea. [3] It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe. [3] Rifapentine is in the rifamycin family of medication and works by blocking DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. [3] Rifapentine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1998. [2]
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