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If the tibia pulls forward or backward more than normal, the test is considered positive. Excessive displacement of the tibia anteriorly suggests that the anterior cruciate ligament is injured, whereas excessive posterior displacement of the tibia may indicate injury of the posterior cruciate ligament. [3]
If the anterior movement of the affected knee is greater than the unaffected knee, then the anterior drawer test is positive. The Lachman test is more sensitive than the anterior drawer test. For the Lachman test, the person lies down in supine position with the knee flexed at 20 degrees and the heel touching the bed. The tibia is then pulled ...
A significant bump, resulting in some shoulder deformity, is formed by the lateral end of the clavicle. This bump, caused by the clavicle's dislocation, [5] is permanent. The clavicle can be moved in and out of place on the shoulder. A radiographic examination will show the results as abnormal. [medical citation needed]
The coracoclavicular ligament connects the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula. [1] It is not part of the acromioclavicular joint articulation, but is usually described with it, since it keeps the clavicle in contact with the acromion. It consists of two fasciculi, the trapezoid ligament in front, and the conoid ligament behind. [2]
Radiographic systems to classify osteoarthritis vary by which joint is being investigated. In osteoarthritis , the choice of treatment is based on pain and decreased function, but radiography can be useful before surgery in order to prepare for the procedure.
Quadriceps tendon grafts have also been shown to produce better results when it comes to knee stability and function. [49] The surgery is done with an arthroscope or tiny camera inserted inside the knee, with additional small incisions made around the knee to insert surgical instruments. This method is less invasive and is proven to result in ...
The test is named after orthopaedic surgeon John Lachman, late Chairman of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine at Temple University School of Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The original description was submitted by one of his colleagues, JS Torg.
In medicine, Clarke's test (also known as the Osmond-Clarke test or patellar grind test) is a component of knee examination which may be used to test for patellofemoral pain syndrome, chondromalacia patellae, patellofemoral arthritis, or anterior knee pain. It is not a standard part of the knee examination but is used to diagnose anterior knee ...